C# 继承
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继承
面向对象编程中最重要的概念之一是继承。继承使我们可以用另一个类来定义一个类,这使创建和维护应用程序变得更加容易。这也提供了重用代码功能并加快实现时间的机会。创建类时,程序员可以指定新类继承现有类的成员,而不必编写全新的数据成员和成员函数。此现有类称为基类,而新类称为派生类。继承的思想实现了IS-A关系。例如,哺乳动物IS A是动物,狗IS-A是哺乳动物,因此也是狗IS-A动物,依此类推。 -
基类和派生类
一个类可以从一个以上的类或接口派生,这意味着它可以从多个基类或接口继承数据和函数。C# 中用于创建派生类的语法如下-<acess-specifier> class <base_class> { ... } class <derived_class> : <base_class> { ... }
考虑一个基类Shape及其派生类Rectangle-
尝试一下using System; namespace InheritanceApplication { class Shape { public void setWidth(int w) { width = w; } public void setHeight(int h) { height = h; } protected int width; protected int height; } // Derived class class Rectangle: Shape { public int getArea() { return (width * height); } } class RectangleTester { static void Main(string[] args) { Rectangle Rect = new Rectangle(); Rect.setWidth(5); Rect.setHeight(7); // Print the area of the object. Console.WriteLine("Total area: {0}", Rect.getArea()); Console.ReadKey(); } } }
编译并执行上述代码后,将产生以下结果-Total area: 35
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初始化基类
派生类继承基类的成员变量和成员方法。因此,应在创建子类之前创建超类对象。您可以在成员初始化列表中提供有关超类初始化的说明。以下程序演示了这一点-
尝试一下using System; namespace RectangleApplication { class Rectangle { //member variables protected double length; protected double width; public Rectangle(double l, double w) { length = l; width = w; } public double GetArea() { return length * width; } public void Display() { Console.WriteLine("Length: {0}", length); Console.WriteLine("Width: {0}", width); Console.WriteLine("Area: {0}", GetArea()); } }//end class Rectangle class Tabletop : Rectangle { private double cost; public Tabletop(double l, double w) : base(l, w) { } public double GetCost() { double cost; cost = GetArea() * 70; return cost; } public void Display() { base.Display(); Console.WriteLine("Cost: {0}", GetCost()); } } class ExecuteRectangle { static void Main(string[] args) { Tabletop t = new Tabletop(4.5, 7.5); t.Display(); Console.ReadLine(); } } }
编译并执行上述代码后,将产生以下结果-Length: 4.5 Width: 7.5 Area: 33.75 Cost: 2362.
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C# 中的多重继
C# 不支持多重继承。但是,您可以使用接口来实现多重继承。以下程序演示了这一点-
尝试一下using System; namespace InheritanceApplication { class Shape { public void setWidth(int w) { width = w; } public void setHeight(int h) { height = h; } protected int width; protected int height; } // Base class PaintCost public interface PaintCost { int getCost(int area); } // Derived class class Rectangle : Shape, PaintCost { public int getArea() { return (width * height); } public int getCost(int area) { return area * 70; } } class RectangleTester { static void Main(string[] args) { Rectangle Rect = new Rectangle(); int area; Rect.setWidth(5); Rect.setHeight(7); area = Rect.getArea(); // Print the area of the object. Console.WriteLine("Total area: {0}", Rect.getArea()); Console.WriteLine("Total paint cost: ${0}" , Rect.getCost(area)); Console.ReadKey(); } } }
编译并执行上述代码后,将产生以下结果-Total area: 35 Total paint cost: $2450