SQL - 语法

  • 简述

    SQL 之后是一组独特的规则和指南,称为语法。本教程通过列出所有基本 SQL 语法让您快速开始使用 SQL。
    所有 SQL 语句都以任何关键字开头,例如 SELECT、INSERT、UPDATE、DELETE、ALTER、DROP、CREATE、USE、SHOW,并且所有语句都以分号 (;) 结尾。
    这里需要注意的最重要的一点是 SQL 不区分大小写,这意味着 SELECT 和 select 在 SQL 语句中具有相同的含义。然而,MySQL 在表名方面有所不同。因此,如果您使用的是 MySQL,那么您需要提供数据库中存在的表名。
  • SQL中的各种语法

    本教程中给出的所有示例都已使用 MySQL 服务器进行了测试。

    SQL SELECT 语句

    
    SELECT column1, column2....columnN
    FROM   table_name;
    

    SQL DISTINCT 子句

    
    SELECT DISTINCT column1, column2....columnN
    FROM   table_name;
    

    SQL WHERE 子句

    
    SELECT column1, column2....columnN
    FROM   table_name
    WHERE  CONDITION;
    

    SQL AND/OR 子句

    
    SELECT column1, column2....columnN
    FROM   table_name
    WHERE  CONDITION-1 {AND|OR} CONDITION-2;
    

    SQL IN 子句

    
    SELECT column1, column2....columnN
    FROM   table_name
    WHERE  column_name IN (val-1, val-2,...val-N);
    

    SQL BETWEEN 子句

    
    SELECT column1, column2....columnN
    FROM   table_name
    WHERE  column_name BETWEEN val-1 AND val-2;
    

    SQL LIKE 子句

    
    SELECT column1, column2....columnN
    FROM   table_name
    WHERE  column_name LIKE { PATTERN };
    

    SQL ORDER BY 子句

    
    SELECT column1, column2....columnN
    FROM   table_name
    WHERE  CONDITION
    ORDER BY column_name {ASC|DESC};
    

    SQL GROUP BY 子句

    
    SELECT SUM(column_name)
    FROM   table_name
    WHERE  CONDITION
    GROUP BY column_name;
    

    SQL COUNT 子句

    
    SELECT COUNT(column_name)
    FROM   table_name
    WHERE  CONDITION;
    

    SQL HAVING 子句

    
    SELECT SUM(column_name)
    FROM   table_name
    WHERE  CONDITION
    GROUP BY column_name
    HAVING (arithematic function condition);
    

    SQL CREATE TABLE 语句

    
    CREATE TABLE table_name(
    column1 datatype,
    column2 datatype,
    column3 datatype,
    .....
    columnN datatype,
    PRIMARY KEY( one or more columns )
    );
    

    SQL DROP TABLE 语句

    
    DROP TABLE table_name;
    

    SQL CREATE INDEX 语句

    
    CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name
    ON table_name ( column1, column2,...columnN);
    

    SQL DROP INDEX 语句

    
    ALTER TABLE table_name
    DROP INDEX index_name;
    

    SQL DESC 语句

    
    DESC table_name;
    

    SQL TRUNCATE TABLE 语句

    
    TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;
    

    SQL ALTER TABLE 语句

    
    ALTER TABLE table_name {ADD|DROP|MODIFY} column_name {data_ype};
    

    SQL ALTER TABLE 语句(重命名)

    
    ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME TO new_table_name;
    

    SQL INSERT INTO 语句

    
    INSERT INTO table_name( column1, column2....columnN)
    VALUES ( value1, value2....valueN);
    

    SQL UPDATE 语句

    
    UPDATE table_name
    SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2....columnN=valueN
    [ WHERE  CONDITION ];
    

    SQL DELETE 语句

    
    DELETE FROM table_name
    WHERE  {CONDITION};
    

    SQL CREATE DATABASE 语句

    
    CREATE DATABASE database_name;
    

    SQL DROP DATABASE 语句

    
    DROP DATABASE database_name;
    

    SQL USE 语句

    
    USE database_name;
    

    SQL COMMIT 语句

    
    COMMIT;
    

    SQL ROLLBACK 语句

    
    ROLLBACK;