Hystrix
Hystrix是Netflix的库。Hystrix隔离服务之间的访问点,停止服务之间的级联故障,并提供后备选项。
例如,当你调用一个第三方应用程序,它需要更多的时间来发送响应。因此,Hystrix控件将转到后备方法,并将自定义响应返回到您的应用程序。
在本章中,您将看到如何在Spring Boot应用程序中实现Hystrix。
首先,我们需要在构建配置文件中添加Spring Cloud Starter Hystrix依赖项。
Maven用户可以在pom.xml文件中添加以下依赖项-
Maven用户可以将以下依赖项添加到pom.xml文件中。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
对于Gradle用户,在build.gradle文件中添加以下依赖项。
implementation 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-hystrix'
现在,将@EnableHystrix注解添加到主Spring Boot应用程序类文件中,@EnableHystrix注解用于将Hystrix功能启用到您的Spring Boot应用程序中。
下面给出了主要的Spring Boot应用程序类文件代码-
package com.jc2182.demo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.EnableHystrix;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableHystrix
public class HystrixappApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(HystrixappApplication.class, args);
}
}
现在编写一个简单的Rest Controller,以便它在请求的时间之后3秒后返回String。
@RequestMapping(value = "/")
public String hello() throws InterruptedException {
Thread.sleep(3000);
return "Welcome Hystrix";
}
现在,为Rest API添加@Hystrix命令和@HystrixProperty并定义以毫秒为单位的超时值。
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "fallback_hello", commandProperties = {
@HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds", value = "1000")
})
接下来,如果请求需要较长时间响应,则定义回调方法fallback_hello()。
private String fallback_hello() {
return "Request fails. It takes long time to response";
}
此处显示了包含REST API和Hystrix属性的完整Rest Controller类文件-
@RequestMapping(value = "/")
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "fallback_hello", commandProperties = {
@HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds", value = "1000")
})
public String hello() throws InterruptedException {
Thread.sleep(3000);
return "Welcome Hystrix";
}
private String fallback_hello() {
return "Request fails. It takes long time to response";
}
在此示例中,REST API编写在主Spring Boot应用程序类文件本身中。
package com.jc2182.demo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixProperty;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.EnableHystrix;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableHystrix
@RestController
public class HystrixappApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(HystrixappApplication.class, args);
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/")
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "fallback_hello", commandProperties = {
@HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds", value = "1000")
})
public String hello() throws InterruptedException {
Thread.sleep(3000);
return "Welcome Hystrix";
}
private String fallback_hello() {
return "Request fails. It takes long time to response";
}
}
完整的构建配置文件在下面给出
Maven – pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.jc2182</groupId>
<artifactId>demo</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>demo</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR3</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
Gradle – build.gradle
plugins {
id 'org.springframework.boot' version '2.2.6.RELEASE'
id 'io.spring.dependency-management' version '1.0.9.RELEASE'
id 'java'
}
group = 'com.jc2182'
version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'
sourceCompatibility = '1.8'
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
ext {
set('springCloudVersion', "Hoxton.SR3")
}
dependencies {
implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web'
implementation 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix'
testImplementation('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test') {
exclude group: 'org.junit.vintage', module: 'junit-vintage-engine'
}
}
dependencyManagement {
imports {
mavenBom "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-dependencies:${springCloudVersion}"
}
}
test {
useJUnitPlatform()
}
您可以创建一个可执行的JAR文件,并使用Maven或Gradle命令运行Spring Boot应用程序-
对于Maven,您可以使用以下命令-
在“BUILD SUCCESS”之后,您可以在target目录下找到JAR文件。
对于Gradle,您可以使用以下命令-
在“BUILD SUCCESSFUL”之后,您可以在build/libs目录下找到JAR文件。
您可以使用以下命令运行JAR文件-
现在,该应用程序已使用https在Tomcat端口8080上启动,如下所示-
现在,从您的Web浏览器访问URL http://localhost:8080/,然后查看Hystrix响应。该API需要3秒钟来响应,但是Hystrix超时是1秒(调用了回调函数)。