Apache HttpClient - 拦截器
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简述
拦截器是那些有助于阻止或更改请求或响应的拦截器。协议拦截器通常作用于特定的标头或一组相关的标头。 HttpClient 库提供对拦截器的支持。 -
请求拦截器
HttpRequestInterceptor 接口代表请求拦截器。此接口包含一个称为进程的方法,您需要在其中编写代码块来拦截请求。在客户端,此方法在将请求发送到服务器之前验证/处理请求,而在服务器端,此方法在评估请求正文之前执行。创建请求拦截器
您可以按照以下步骤创建请求拦截器。第 1 步 - 创建一个HttpRequestInterceptor对象通过实现其抽象方法流程创建HttpRequestInterceptor接口的对象。HttpRequestInterceptor requestInterceptor = new HttpRequestInterceptor() {
@Override public void process(HttpRequest request, HttpContext context) throws HttpException, IOException { //Method implementation . . . . . };
第 2 步 - 实例化 CloseableHttpClient 对象通过添加上面创建的拦截器来构建一个自定义的 CloseableHttpClient 对象,如下所示 -//Creating a CloseableHttpClient object CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.custom().addInterceptorFirst(requestInterceptor).build();
使用这个对象,你可以像往常一样执行请求。示例
下面的例子演示了请求拦截器的用法。 在本例中,我们创建了一个 HTTP GET 请求对象,并为其添加了三个标头:sample-header、demoheader 和 test-header。在拦截器的processor()方法中,我们正在验证发送请求的headers; 如果这些标头中的任何一个是 sample-header,我们会尝试将其删除并显示该特定请求的标头列表。import java.io.IOException; import org.apache.http.Header; import org.apache.http.HttpException; import org.apache.http.HttpRequest; import org.apache.http.HttpRequestInterceptor; import org.apache.http.HttpResponse; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient; import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients; import org.apache.http.message.BasicHeader; import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext; public class InterceptorsExample { public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception{ //Creating an HttpRequestInterceptor HttpRequestInterceptor requestInterceptor = new HttpRequestInterceptor() { @Override public void process(HttpRequest request, HttpContext context) throws HttpException, IOException { if(request.containsHeader("sample-header")) { System.out.println("Contains header sample-header, removing it.."); request.removeHeaders("sample-header"); } //Printing remaining list of headers Header[] headers= request.getAllHeaders(); for (int i = 0; i<headers.length;i++) { System.out.println(headers[i].getName()); } } }; //Creating a CloseableHttpClient object CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.custom().addInterceptorFirst(requestInterceptor).build(); //Creating a request object HttpGet httpget1 = new HttpGet("https://www.cainiaoya.com/"); //Setting the header to it httpget1.setHeader(new BasicHeader("sample-header","My first header")); httpget1.setHeader(new BasicHeader("demo-header","My second header")); httpget1.setHeader(new BasicHeader("test-header","My third header")); //Executing the request HttpResponse httpresponse = httpclient.execute(httpget1); //Printing the status line System.out.println(httpresponse.getStatusLine()); } }
输出
在执行上述程序时,会生成以下输出 -Contains header sample-header, removing it.. demo-header test-header HTTP/1.1 200 OK
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响应拦截器
HttpResponseInterceptor 接口表示响应拦截器。 该接口包含一个称为 process() 的方法。 在这种方法中,您需要编写代码块来拦截响应。在服务器端,此方法在将响应发送到客户端之前验证/处理响应,在客户端,此方法在评估响应正文之前执行。创建响应拦截器
您可以按照以下步骤创建响应拦截器 -第一步 - 创建一个HttpResponseInterceptor对象通过实现其抽象方法进程来创建HttpResponseInterceptor接口的对象。HttpResponseInterceptor responseInterceptor = new HttpResponseInterceptor() { @Override public void process(HttpResponse response, HttpContext context) throws HttpException, IOException { //Method implementation . . . . . . . . } };
第二步:实例化 CloseableHttpClient 对象
通过添加上面创建的拦截器来构建一个自定义的 CloseableHttpClient 对象,如 如下图-//Creating a CloseableHttpClient object CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.custom().addInterceptorFirst(responseInterceptor).build();
使用这个对象,你可以像往常一样执行请求。 -
Example
下面的例子演示了响应拦截器的使用。 在本例中,我们在处理器的响应中添加了三个标头:sample-header、demo-header 和 test-header。在执行请求并获得响应后,我们使用 getAllHeaders() 方法打印出所有响应头的名称。并且在输出中,可以观察到列表中三个标题的名称。import java.io.IOException; import org.apache.http.Header; import org.apache.http.HttpException; import org.apache.http.HttpResponse; import org.apache.http.HttpResponseInterceptor; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient; import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients; import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext; public class ResponseInterceptorsExample { public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception{ //Creating an HttpRequestInterceptor HttpResponseInterceptor responseInterceptor = new HttpResponseInterceptor() { @Override public void process(HttpResponse response, HttpContext context) throws HttpException, IOException { System.out.println("Adding header sample_header, demo-header, test_header to the response"); response.setHeader("sample-header", "My first header"); response.setHeader("demo-header", "My second header"); response.setHeader("test-header", "My third header"); } }; //Creating a CloseableHttpClient object CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.custom().addInterceptorFirst(responseInterceptor).build(); //Creating a request object HttpGet httpget1 = new HttpGet("https://www.cainiaoya.com/"); //Executing the request HttpResponse httpresponse = httpclient.execute(httpget1); //Printing remaining list of headers Header[] headers = httpresponse.getAllHeaders(); for (int i = 0; i<headers.length;i++) { System.out.println(headers[i].getName()); } } }
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输出
在执行时,上面的程序会产生以下结果 -On executing the above program generates the following output. Adding header sample_header, demo-header, test_header to the response Accept-Ranges Access-Control-Allow-Headers Access-Control-Allow-Origin Cache-Control Content-Type Date Expires Last-Modified Server Vary X-Cache sample-header demo-header test-header