Apache HttpClient - 基于表单的登录
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简述
使用 HttpClient 库,您可以发送请求或通过传递参数登录到表单。按照以下步骤登录表单。 -
第 1 步 - 创建一个 HttpClient 对象
HttpClients类的createDefault()方法返回一个类的对象CloseableHttpClient,它是 HttpClient 接口的基本实现。使用此方法,创建一个 HttpClient 对象 -CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
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第 2 步 - 创建 RequestBuilder 对象
RequestBuilder 类通过添加参数来构建请求。如果请求类型是 PUT 或 POST,它会将参数作为 URL 编码实体添加到请求中使用 post() 方法创建一个 RequestBuilder 对象(POST 类型)。//构建post请求对象 RequestBuilder reqbuilder = RequestBuilder.post();
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第 3 步 - 为 RequestBuilder 设置 Uri 和参数。
使用 RequestBuilder 类的 setUri() 和 addParameter() 方法为 RequestBuilder 对象设置 URI 和参数.//设置URI和参数 RequestBuilder reqbuilder = reqbuilder.setUri("http://httpbin.org/post"); reqbuilder = reqbuilder1.addParameter("Name", "username").addParameter("password", "password");
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第 4 步 - 构建 HttpUriRequest 对象
设置好所需参数后,使用build()方法构建HttpUriRequest对象。//构建HttpUriRequest对象 HttpUriRequest httppost = reqbuilder2.build();
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第 5 步 - 执行请求
CloseableHttpClient对象的execute方法接受一个HttpUriRequest(接口)对象(即HttpGet、HttpPost、HttpPut、HttpHead等)并返回一个响应对象。通过将在前面步骤中创建的 HttpUriRequest 传递给 execute() 来执行它 方法。//执行请求 HttpResponse httpresponse = httpclient.execute(httppost);
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示例
以下示例演示了如何通过发送登录凭据来登录表单。在这里,我们向表单发送了两个参数 - 用户名和密码,并尝试打印消息实体和请求状态。import org.apache.http.HttpResponse; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest; import org.apache.http.client.methods.RequestBuilder; import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient; import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients; import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.URISyntaxException; public class FormLoginExample { public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { //Creating CloseableHttpClient object CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); //Creating the RequestBuilder object RequestBuilder reqbuilder = RequestBuilder.post(); //Setting URI and parameters RequestBuilder reqbuilder1 = reqbuilder.setUri("http://httpbin.org/post"); RequestBuilder reqbuilder2 = reqbuilder1.addParameter("Name", "username").addParameter("password", "password"); //Building the HttpUriRequest object HttpUriRequest httppost = reqbuilder2.build(); //Executing the request HttpResponse httpresponse = httpclient.execute(httppost); //Printing the status and the contents of the response System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(httpresponse.getEntity())); System.out.println(httpresponse.getStatusLine()); } }
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输出
在执行时,上面的程序生成以下输出 -{ "args": {}, "data": "", "files": {}, "form": { "Name": "username", "password": "password" }, "headers": { "Accept-Encoding": "gzip,deflate", "Connection": "close", "Content-Length": "31", "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset = UTF-8", "Host": "httpbin.org", "User-Agent": "Apache-HttpClient/4.5.6 (Java/1.8.0_91)" }, "json": null, "origin": "117.216.245.180", "url": "http://httpbin.org/post" } HTTP/1.1 200 OK
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使用 Cookie 的表单登录
如果您的表单存储 cookie,而不是创建默认的 CloseableHttpClient 对象。通过实例化 BasicCookieStore 类来创建一个 CookieStore 对象。//创建一个BasicCookieStore对象 BasicCookieStore cookieStore = new BasicCookieStore();
使用 HttpClientscustom() 方法创建一个 HttpClientBuilder > 类。//创建一个HttpClientBuilder对象 HttpClientBuilder clientbuilder = HttpClients.custom();
使用 setDefaultCookieStore() 方法将 cookie 存储设置为客户端构建器。//将默认cookie存储设置为客户端构建器对象 Clientbuilder = clientbuilder.setDefaultCookieStore(cookieStore);
使用 build() 方法构建 CloseableHttpClient 对象。//构建 CloseableHttpClient 对象 CloseableHttpClient httpclient = clientbuilder1.build();
通过传递执行请求构建上面指定的 HttpUriRequest 对象。如果页面存储cookies,你传递的参数将被添加到cookie存储中。您可以打印 CookieStore 对象的内容,您可以在其中看到您的参数(以及之前存储的页面以防万一)。要打印 cookie,请使用 getCookies() 方法从 CookieStore 对象中获取所有 cookie。此方法返回一个 List 对象。使用迭代器,打印列表对象的内容,如下所示 -//打印cookies List list = cookieStore.getCookies(); System.out.println("list of cookies"); Iterator it = list.iterator(); if(it.hasNext()) { System.out.println(it.next()); }