ZooKeeper API
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ZooKeeper API
ZooKeeper具有Java和C的正式API绑定。ZooKeeper社区为大多数语言(.NET,python等)提供了非官方的API。使用ZooKeeper API,应用程序可以连接,交互,操纵数据,协调并最终与ZooKeeper集群断开连接。ZooKeeper API具有丰富的功能集,可通过简单安全的方式获得ZooKeeper集群的所有功能。ZooKeeper API提供同步和异步方法。ZooKeeper集群和ZooKeeper API在各个方面都完全互补,并且极大地有益于开发人员。让我们在本章中讨论Java绑定。 -
ZooKeeper API的基础
与ZooKeeper集群交互的应用程序称为ZooKeeper客户端或简称为Client。Znode是ZooKeeper集群的核心组件,而ZooKeeper API提供了一组方法来使用ZooKeeper集群来操纵znode的所有细节。客户端API应遵循以下给出的步骤,与ZooKeeper集群团进行清晰,干净的交互。- 连接到ZooKeeper集群。ZooKeeper集群为客户端分配会话ID。
- 定期向服务器发送心跳。否则,ZooKeeper集群将使会话ID过期,并且客户端需要重新连接。
- 只要会话ID处于活动状态,就可获取/设置znodes。
- 一旦完成所有任务,请从ZooKeeper集群断开连接。如果客户端长时间不活动,则ZooKeeper集群将自动断开客户端的连接。
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Java绑定
让我们了解本章中最重要的ZooKeeper API集。ZooKeeper API的中心部分是ZooKeeper类。它提供了在其构造函数中连接ZooKeeper集群的选项,并具有以下方法-- connect - 连接到ZooKeeper集群
- create - 创建一个znode
- exists - 检查znode是否存在及其信息
- getData - 从特定Znode点获取数据
- setData - 在一个特定的Znode点设定数据
- getChildren - 获取特定Znode中所有可用的子节点
- delete - 获取特定的znode及其所有子节点
- close - 关闭连接
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连接到ZooKeeper集群
ZooKeeper 类通过其构造函数提供连接功能。构造函数的签名如下-ZooKeeper(String connectionString, int sessionTimeout, Watcher watcher)
参数:,- connectionString - ZooKeeper集群主机。
- sessionTimeout - 会话超时(以毫秒为单位)。
- watcher - 一个实现“Watcher”接口的对象。ZooKeeper集群通过Watcher对象返回连接状态。
让我们创建ZooKeeperConnection类并添加一个方法connect。该连接方法创建一个ZooKeeper对象,所连接到的ZooKeeper集群,然后返回该对象。在这里,CountDownLatch用于停止(等待)主进程,直到客户端与ZooKeeper集群连接为止。 ZooKeeper集群通过Watcher回调返回连接状态。客户端与ZooKeeper集群连接后,将调用Watcher回调,并且Watcher回调调用CountDownLatch的countDown方法释放锁,并在主进程中等待。这是连接ZooKeeper集群的完整代码。例子://import java classes import java.io.IOException; import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch; //import zookeeper classes import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException; import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent; import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher; import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.KeeperState; import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper; import org.apache.zookeeper.AsyncCallback.StatCallback; import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException.Code; import org.apache.zookeeper.data.Stat; public class ZooKeeperConnection { //declare zookeeper instance to access ZooKeeper ensemble private ZooKeeper zoo; final CountDownLatch connectedSignal = new CountDownLatch(1); //Method to connect zookeeper ensemble. public ZooKeeper connect(String host) throws IOException,InterruptedException { zoo = new ZooKeeper(host,5000,new Watcher() { public void process(WatchedEvent we) { if (we.getState() == KeeperState.SyncConnected) { connectedSignal.countDown(); } } }); connectedSignal.await(); return zoo; } //Method to disconnect from zookeeper server public void close() throws InterruptedException { zoo.close(); } }
保存以上代码,该代码将在下一部分中用于连接ZooKeeper集群。 -
创建一个Znode
ZooKeeper类提供了create方法,以在ZooKeeper集成中创建新的znode。create方法的用法如下-create(String path, byte[] data, List<ACL> acl, CreateMode createMode)
参数:,- path - Znode路径。例如,/myapp1,/myapp2,/myapp1/mydata1,myapp2/mydata1/myanothersubdata
- data - 数据存储在指定的Znode点路径
- acl - 要创建的节点的访问控制列表。ZooKeeper API提供了一个静态接口ZooDefs.Ids,以获取一些基本的ACL列表。例如,ZooDefs.Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE返回打开的znode的acl列表。
- createMode - 节点的类型,临时的,序列的或两者兼而有之。这是一个枚举。
让我们创建一个新的Java应用程序来检查ZooKeeper API 的创建功能。创建一个文件ZKCreate.java。在main方法中,创建类型为ZooKeeperConnection的对象,并调用connect方法以连接到ZooKeeper集群。 connect方法将返回ZooKeeper对象zk。现在,使用自定义路径和数据调用zk对象的create方法。创建znode的完整程序代码如下编码:ZKCreate.javaimport java.io.IOException; import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent; import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher; import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.KeeperState; import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper; import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException; import org.apache.zookeeper.CreateMode; import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooDefs; public class ZKCreate { // create static instance for zookeeper class. private static ZooKeeper zk; // create static instance for ZooKeeperConnection class. private static ZooKeeperConnection conn; // Method to create znode in zookeeper ensemble public static void create(String path, byte[] data) throws KeeperException,InterruptedException { zk.create(path, data, ZooDefs.Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.PERSISTENT); } public static void main(String[] args) { // znode path String path = "/MyFirstZnode"; // Assign path to znode // data in byte array byte[] data = "My first zookeeper app”.getBytes(); // Declare data try { conn = new ZooKeeperConnection(); zk = conn.connect("localhost"); create(path, data); // Create the data to the specified path conn.close(); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); //Catch error message } } }
编译并执行应用程序后,将在ZooKeeper集群中创建具有指定数据的znode。您可以使用ZooKeeper CLI zkCli.sh进行检查。cd /path/to/zookeeper bin/zkCli.sh >>> get /MyFirstZnode
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exists – 检查Znode的存在
ZooKeeper类提供了exists方法来检查znode的存在。如果指定的znode存在,它将返回znode的元数据。exists方法的用法如下-语法:exists(String path, boolean watcher)
参数:,- path - Znode路径
- watcher - 布尔值,指定是否要观看特定Z序节点或不看
让我们创建一个新的Java应用程序来检查ZooKeeper API的“exists”功能。创建一个文件“ ZKExists.java”。在主要方法中,使用“ZooKeeperConnection”对象创建ZooKeeper对象“zk”。然后,使用自定义“path”调用“zk”对象的“ exists”方法。完整的清单如下-编码:ZKExists.javaimport java.io.IOException; import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper; import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException; import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent; import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher; import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.KeeperState; import org.apache.zookeeper.data.Stat; public class ZKExists { private static ZooKeeper zk; private static ZooKeeperConnection conn; // Method to check existence of znode and its status, if znode is available. public static Stat znode_exists(String path) throws KeeperException,InterruptedException { return zk.exists(path, true); } public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException,KeeperException { String path = "/MyFirstZnode"; // Assign znode to the specified path try { conn = new ZooKeeperConnection(); zk = conn.connect("localhost"); Stat stat = znode_exists(path); // Stat checks the path of the znode if(stat != null) { System.out.println("Node exists and the node version is " + stat.getVersion()); } else { System.out.println("Node does not exists"); } } catch(Exception e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); // Catches error messages } } }
编译并执行应用程序后,您将获得以下输出。Node exists and the node version is 1.
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getData方法
ZooKeeper类提供了getData方法来获取附加到指定znode中的数据及其状态。getData方法的用法如下-语法:getData(String path, Watcher watcher, Stat stat)
参数:,- path - Znode路径。
- watcher - 类型为Watcher的回调函数。当指定的znode的数据发生更改时,ZooKeeper集群将通过Watcher回调进行通知。这是一次性通知。
- stat - 返回Znode点的元数据。
让我们创建一个新的Java应用程序以了解ZooKeeper API 的getData功能。创建一个文件ZKGetData.java。在main方法中,使用ZooKeeperConnection对象创建一个ZooKeeper对象zk。然后,使用自定义路径调用zk对象的getData方法。这是从指定节点获取数据的完整程序代码-编码:ZKGetData.javaimport java.io.IOException; import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch; import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper; import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException; import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent; import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher; import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.KeeperState; import org.apache.zookeeper.data.Stat; public class ZKGetData { private static ZooKeeper zk; private static ZooKeeperConnection conn; public static Stat znode_exists(String path) throws KeeperException,InterruptedException { return zk.exists(path,true); } public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, KeeperException { String path = "/MyFirstZnode"; final CountDownLatch connectedSignal = new CountDownLatch(1); try { conn = new ZooKeeperConnection(); zk = conn.connect("localhost"); Stat stat = znode_exists(path); if(stat != null) { byte[] b = zk.getData(path, new Watcher() { public void process(WatchedEvent we) { if (we.getType() == Event.EventType.None) { switch(we.getState()) { case Expired: connectedSignal.countDown(); break; } } else { String path = "/MyFirstZnode"; try { byte[] bn = zk.getData(path, false, null); String data = new String(bn, "UTF-8"); System.out.println(data); connectedSignal.countDown(); } catch(Exception ex) { System.out.println(ex.getMessage()); } } } }, null); String data = new String(b, "UTF-8"); System.out.println(data); connectedSignal.await(); } else { System.out.println("Node does not exists"); } } catch(Exception e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } } }
一旦应用程序被编译并执行,您将获得以下输出My first zookeeper app
应用程序将等待ZooKeeper集群的进一步通知。使用ZooKeeper CLI zkCli.sh更改指定znode的数据。cd /path/to/zookeeper bin/zkCli.sh >>> set /MyFirstZnode Hello
现在,该应用程序将打印以下输出并退出。Hello
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setData方法
ZooKeeper类提供setData方法来修改附加到指定znode中的数据。setData方法的用法如下-setData(String path, byte[] data, int version)
参数:,- path - Znode路径
- data - 数据存储在指定的Znode点的路径。
- version - znode的当前版本。每当更改数据时,ZooKeeper都会更新znode的版本号。
现在让我们创建一个新的Java应用程序,以了解ZooKeeper API 的setData功能。创建一个文件ZKSetData.java。在main方法中,使用ZooKeeperConnection对象创建一个ZooKeeper对象zk。然后,使用指定的路径,新数据和节点版本调用zk对象的setData方法。这是修改指定znode中附加数据的完整程序代码。编码:ZKSetData.javaimport org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper; import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException; import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent; import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher; import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.KeeperState; import java.io.IOException; public class ZKSetData { private static ZooKeeper zk; private static ZooKeeperConnection conn; // Method to update the data in a znode. Similar to getData but without watcher. public static void update(String path, byte[] data) throws KeeperException,InterruptedException { zk.setData(path, data, zk.exists(path,true).getVersion()); } public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException,KeeperException { String path= "/MyFirstZnode"; byte[] data = "Success".getBytes(); //Assign data which is to be updated. try { conn = new ZooKeeperConnection(); zk = conn.connect("localhost"); update(path, data); // Update znode data to the specified path } catch(Exception e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } } }
一旦应用程序被编译和执行,指定znode的数据将被更改,可以使用ZooKeeper CLI zkCli.sh对其进行检查。cd /path/to/zookeeper bin/zkCli.sh >>> get /MyFirstZnode
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getChildren方法
ZooKeeper类提供了getChildren方法来获取特定znode的所有子节点。getChildren方法的用法如下 -getChildren(String path, Watcher watcher)
参数:,- path - Znode路径。
- watcher - 类型为Watcher的回调函数。当指定的znode的数据发生更改时,ZooKeeper集群将通过Watcher回调进行通知。这是一次性通知。
让我们创建一个新的Java应用程序以了解ZooKeeper API 的getData功能。创建一个文件ZKGetData.java。在main方法中,使用ZooKeeperConnection对象创建一个ZooKeeper对象zk。然后,使用自定义路径调用zk对象的getData方法。这是从指定节点获取数据的完整程序代码-编码:ZKGetChildren.javaimport java.io.IOException; import java.util.*; import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper; import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException; import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent; import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher; import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.KeeperState; import org.apache.zookeeper.data.Stat; public class ZKGetChildren { private static ZooKeeper zk; private static ZooKeeperConnection conn; // Method to check existence of znode and its status, if znode is available. public static Stat znode_exists(String path) throws KeeperException,InterruptedException { return zk.exists(path,true); } public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException,KeeperException { String path = "/MyFirstZnode"; // Assign path to the znode try { conn = new ZooKeeperConnection(); zk = conn.connect("localhost"); Stat stat = znode_exists(path); // Stat checks the path if(stat!= null) { //“getChildren” method- get all the children of znode.It has two args, path and watch List <String> children = zk.getChildren(path, false); for(int i = 0; i < children.size(); i++) System.out.println(children.get(i)); //Print children's } else { System.out.println("Node does not exists"); } } catch(Exception e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } } }
在运行程序之前,让我们使用ZooKeeper CLI zkCli.sh为/MyFirstZnode创建两个子节点。cd /path/to/zookeeper bin/zkCli.sh >>> create /MyFirstZnode/myfirstsubnode Hi >>> create /MyFirstZnode/mysecondsubmode Hi
现在,编译并运行该程序将输出上面创建的znodes。myfirstsubnode mysecondsubnode
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删除Znode
ZooKeeper类提供了delete方法来删除指定的znode。delete方法的用法如下-delete(String path, int version)
参数:,- path - Znode路径。
- version - znode的当前版本。
让我们创建一个新的Java应用程序以了解ZooKeeper API 的删除功能。创建一个文件ZKDelete.java。在main方法中,使用ZooKeeperConnection对象创建一个ZooKeeper对象zk。然后,使用节点的指定路径和版本调用zk对象的delete方法。删除znode的完整程序代码如下-编码:ZKDelete.javaimport org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper; import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException; public class ZKDelete { private static ZooKeeper zk; private static ZooKeeperConnection conn; // Method to check existence of znode and its status, if znode is available. public static void delete(String path) throws KeeperException,InterruptedException { zk.delete(path,zk.exists(path,true).getVersion()); } public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException,KeeperException { String path = "/MyFirstZnode"; //Assign path to the znode try { conn = new ZooKeeperConnection(); zk = conn.connect("localhost"); delete(path); //delete the node with the specified path } catch(Exception e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); // catches error messages } } }