Java NIO - AsynchronousFileChannel
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简述
众所周知,Java NIO支持并发和多线程,这使我们能够同时处理不同的通道。因此,在 Java NIO 包中负责此情况的 API 是在 NIO 通道包下定义的异步文件通道。因此,异步文件通道的限定名称是 java.nio.channels.AsynchronousFileChannel。异步文件通道类似于 NIO 的文件通道,不同之处在于此通道使文件操作能够异步执行,这与同步 I/O 操作不同,同步 I/O 操作中线程进入操作并等待请求完成。因此,异步通道对于多个并发线程是安全的。在异步中,请求通过线程传递到操作系统的内核以完成它,同时线程继续处理另一个作业。一旦内核的工作完成,它就会向线程发出信号,然后线程会确认信号并中断当前作业并根据需要处理 I/O 作业。为了实现并发性,此通道提供了两种方法,其中一种方法是返回 java.util.concurrent.Future 对象,另一种方法是将 java.nio.channels.CompletionHandler对象传递给操作。我们将通过示例逐一了解这两种方法。-
Future 对象 − 在此,Future 接口的实例从通道返回。在 Future 接口中,有 get() 方法返回异步处理的操作状态,在此基础上可以决定其他任务的进一步执行。我们还可以通过调用其isDone方法来检查任务是否已完成。
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例
下面的示例演示如何异步使用 Future 对象和任务。package com.java.nio; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.FileReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.nio.ByteBuffer; import java.nio.channels.AsynchronousFileChannel; import java.nio.file.Path; import java.nio.file.Paths; import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException; import java.util.concurrent.Future; public class FutureObject { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { readFile(); } private static void readFile() throws IOException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException { String filePath = "D:fileCopy.txt"; printFileContents(filePath); Path path = Paths.get(filePath); AsynchronousFileChannel channel =AsynchronousFileChannel.open(path, StandardOpenOption.READ); ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(400); Future<Integer> result = channel.read(buffer, 0); // position = 0 while (! result.isDone()) { System.out.println("Task of reading file is in progress asynchronously."); } System.out.println("Reading done: " + result.isDone()); System.out.println("Bytes read from file: " + result.get()); buffer.flip(); System.out.print("Buffer contents: "); while (buffer.hasRemaining()) { System.out.print((char) buffer.get()); } System.out.println(" "); buffer.clear(); channel.close(); } private static void printFileContents(String path) throws IOException { FileReader fr = new FileReader(path); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(fr); String textRead = br.readLine(); System.out.println("File contents: "); while (textRead != null) { System.out.println(" " + textRead); textRead = br.readLine(); } fr.close(); br.close(); } }
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输出
File contents: To be or not to be? Task of reading file is in progress asynchronously. Task of reading file is in progress asynchronously. Reading done: true Bytes read from file: 19 Buffer contents: To be or not to be?
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Completion Handler −这种方法非常简单,因为在这里我们使用 CompletionHandler 接口并覆盖其两种方法,一个是 completed() 方法,该方法在 I/O 操作成功完成时调用,另一个是 fail() 方法,如果 I/O 操作失败,则调用该方法。在此中,将创建一个处理程序来使用异步 I/O 操作的结果,因为一旦任务完成,则只有处理程序具有执行的函数。
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例
下面的示例演示如何使用完成处理程序异步执行任务。package com.java.nio; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.FileReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.nio.ByteBuffer; import java.nio.channels.AsynchronousFileChannel; import java.nio.channels.CompletionHandler; import java.nio.file.Path; import java.nio.file.Paths; import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption; public class CompletionHandlerDemo { public static void main (String [] args) throws Exception { writeFile(); } private static void writeFile() throws IOException { String input = "Content to be written to the file."; System.out.println("Input string: " + input); byte [] byteArray = input.getBytes(); ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(byteArray); Path path = Paths.get("D:fileCopy.txt"); AsynchronousFileChannel channel = AsynchronousFileChannel.open(path, StandardOpenOption.WRITE); CompletionHandler handler = new CompletionHandler() { @Override public void completed(Object result, Object attachment) { System.out.println(attachment + " completed and " + result + " bytes are written."); } @Override public void failed(Throwable exc, Object attachment) { System.out.println(attachment + " failed with exception:"); exc.printStackTrace(); } }; channel.write(buffer, 0, "Async Task", handler); channel.close(); printFileContents(path.toString()); } private static void printFileContents(String path) throws IOException { FileReader fr = new FileReader(path); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(fr); String textRead = br.readLine(); System.out.println("File contents: "); while (textRead != null) { System.out.println(" " + textRead); textRead = br.readLine(); } fr.close(); br.close(); } }
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输出
Input string: Content to be written to the file. Async Task completed and 34 bytes are written. File contents: Content to be written to the file.