COBOL - 字符串处理
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简述
COBOL 中的字符串处理语句用于对字符串执行多种功能操作。以下是字符串处理语句 -- Inspect
- String
- Unstring
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Inspect
Inspect动词用于计算或替换字符串中的字符。可以对字母数字、数字或字母值执行字符串操作。Inspect操作从左到右执行。用于字符串操作的选项如下 -统计
Tallying 选项用于对字符串字符进行计数。语法以下是 Tallying 选项的语法 -INSPECT input-string TALLYING output-count FOR ALL CHARACTERS
使用的参数是 -- input-string - 要计算其字符的字符串。
- output-count - 保存字符数的数据项。
例如IDENTIFICATION DIVISION. PROGRAM-ID. HELLO. DATA DIVISION. WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. 01 WS-CNT1 PIC 9(2) VALUE 0. 01 WS-CNT2 PIC 9(2) VALUE 0. 01 WS-STRING PIC X(15) VALUE 'ABCDACDADEAAAFF'. PROCEDURE DIVISION. INSPECT WS-STRING TALLYING WS-CNT1 FOR CHARACTER. DISPLAY "WS-CNT1 : "WS-CNT1. INSPECT WS-STRING TALLYING WS-CNT2 FOR ALL 'A'. DISPLAY "WS-CNT2 : "WS-CNT2 STOP RUN.
JCL执行上述 COBOL 程序。//SAMPLE JOB(TESTJCL,XXXXXX),CLASS = A,MSGCLASS = C //STEP1 EXEC PGM = HELLO
当您编译并执行上述程序时,它会产生以下结果 -WS-CNT1 : 15 WS-CNT2 : 06
更换
替换选项用于替换字符串字符。语法以下是替换选项的语法 -INSPECT input-string REPLACING ALL char1 BY char2.
使用的参数是 --
input-string− 要将其字符从char1 替换为char2 的字符串。
例如IDENTIFICATION DIVISION. PROGRAM-ID. HELLO. DATA DIVISION. WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. 01 WS-STRING PIC X(15) VALUE 'ABCDACDADEAAAFF'. PROCEDURE DIVISION. DISPLAY "OLD STRING : "WS-STRING. INSPECT WS-STRING REPLACING ALL 'A' BY 'X'. DISPLAY "NEW STRING : "WS-STRING. STOP RUN.
JCL执行上述 COBOL 程序。//SAMPLE JOB(TESTJCL,XXXXXX),CLASS = A,MSGCLASS = C //STEP1 EXEC PGM = HELLO
当您编译并执行上述程序时,它会产生以下结果 -OLD STRING : ABCDACDADEAAAFF NEW STRING : XBCDXCDXDEXXXFF
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String
字符串动词用于连接字符串。使用 STRING 语句,可以将两个或多个字符串组合成一个更长的字符串。'Delimited By' 子句是强制性的。语法以下是字符串动词的语法 -STRING ws-string1 DELIMITED BY SPACE ws-string2 DELIMITED BY SIZE INTO ws-destination-string WITH POINTER ws-count ON OVERFLOW DISPLAY message1 NOT ON OVERFLOW DISPLAY message2 END-STRING.
以下是使用参数的详细信息 -- ws-string1 和 ws-string2 :要连接的输入字符串
- ws-string : 输出字符串
- ws-count :用于计算新连接字符串的长度
- Delimited 指定字符串的结尾
- 指针和溢出是可选的
例如IDENTIFICATION DIVISION. PROGRAM-ID. HELLO. DATA DIVISION. WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. 01 WS-STRING PIC A(30). 01 WS-STR1 PIC A(15) VALUE 'Tutorialspoint'. 01 WS-STR2 PIC A(7) VALUE 'Welcome'. 01 WS-STR3 PIC A(7) VALUE 'To AND'. 01 WS-COUNT PIC 99 VALUE 1. PROCEDURE DIVISION. STRING WS-STR2 DELIMITED BY SIZE WS-STR3 DELIMITED BY SPACE WS-STR1 DELIMITED BY SIZE INTO WS-STRING WITH POINTER WS-COUNT ON OVERFLOW DISPLAY 'OVERFLOW!' END-STRING. DISPLAY 'WS-STRING : 'WS-STRING. DISPLAY 'WS-COUNT : 'WS-COUNT. STOP RUN.
JCL执行上述 COBOL 程序 -//SAMPLE JOB(TESTJCL,XXXXXX),CLASS = A,MSGCLASS = C //STEP1 EXEC PGM = HELLO
当您编译并执行上述程序时,它会产生以下结果 -WS-STRING : WelcomeToTutorialspoint WS-COUNT : 25
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Unstring
Unstring动词用于将一个字符串拆分为多个子字符串。Delimited By 子句是强制性的。语法以下是 Unstring 动词的语法 -UNSTRING ws-string DELIMITED BY SPACE INTO ws-str1, ws-str2 WITH POINTER ws-count ON OVERFLOW DISPLAY message NOT ON OVERFLOW DISPLAY message END-UNSTRING.
例如IDENTIFICATION DIVISION. PROGRAM-ID. HELLO. DATA DIVISION. WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. 01 WS-STRING PIC A(30) VALUE 'WELCOME TO TUTORIALSPOINT'. 01 WS-STR1 PIC A(7). 01 WS-STR2 PIC A(2). 01 WS-STR3 PIC A(15). 01 WS-COUNT PIC 99 VALUE 1. PROCEDURE DIVISION. UNSTRING WS-STRING DELIMITED BY SPACE INTO WS-STR1, WS-STR2, WS-STR3 END-UNSTRING. DISPLAY 'WS-STR1 : 'WS-STR1. DISPLAY 'WS-STR2 : 'WS-STR2. DISPLAY 'WS-STR3 : 'WS-STR3. STOP RUN.
JCL执行上述 COBOL 程序 -//SAMPLE JOB(TESTJCL,XXXXXX),CLASS = A,MSGCLASS = C //STEP1 EXEC PGM = HELLO
当您编译并执行上述程序时,它会产生以下结果 -WS-STR1 : WELCOME WS-STR2 : TO WS-STR3 : TUTORIALSPOINT